Public funding can be implemented using one of two methods–a grant system or a match system.

Both systems require the establishment of an independent commission to determine the amount of public funds to be allocated for each election, as well as the number of small campaign contributions a candidate must receive in order to qualify. The commission’s recommendations will be presented to Congress (or the state legislature if the funding is by a state) for an up or down vote to insure that incumbents cannot set the allocations too low for challengers. Similar in concept to the military base closing commission, this commission will have full authority and total independence to establish appropriate funding levels for all elections in all districts and states.

Voluntary Grant System:

Under a grant system, candidates who receive a predetermined number of small campaign contributions and signatures will receive a full federal grant for the cost of their campaigns. Candidates who accept grants of public funds must limit their expenditures to the amount established by the independent commission.

Candidates who do not accept public funds may raise private funds or use their own funds according to laws at the time.

Voluntary Match System:

Under a match system, candidates who qualify will receive matching funds for every small campaign contribution they receive. For example, if the match is 4:1, candidates would receive $4 of public funds for every $1 raised privately.

Candidates who accept matching funds must comply with the donation limits and total expenditure limits established in the legislation.

Candidates who do not accept public funds may raise private funds or use their own funds according to laws at the time.

Since public funding is voluntary, those candidates who accept public funds must meet certain requirements such as participation in specified debates and public forums. This will shift a candidate's focus during a campaign from courting big donors to connecting with voters at large.

Our Case Statement (PDF) contains an in-depth comparison of the current private funding system of federal elections and both the grant and match systems. It includes a cost analysis showing that either system of public funding will cost Just $6 per citizen.